PUBLICATIONS AND WORKING PAPERS

LEAPS Research Portfolio

Our LEAPS (Learning and Educational Achievement in Pakistan Schools) research portfolio features over 30 peer-reviewed publications and working papers in top economics and education journals. These studies explore a range of themes related to education, learning, and school systems.

Many of these papers are co-authored by LEAPS lead investigators — Tahir Andrabi, Jishnu Das, and Asim Khwaja — while others are produced by independent researchers leveraging the rich LEAPS dataset.

Explore the full list of LEAPS studies below and dive into the data and findings driving policy and practice in education

Our Team

Teacher Capacity, Incentives & Workforce Dynamics

  1. Brown, Christina and Tahir Andrabi. 2023. "Inducing Positive Sorting through Performance Pay: Experimental Evidence from Pakistani Schools." RISE Working Paper Series. 23/123

  2. Andrabi, Tahir, and Christina Brown. 2022. "Subjective versus Objective Incentives and Teacher Productivity." RISE Working Paper Series. 22/092.

  3. Brown, Christina. 2022. “Understanding Gender Discrimination by Managers”, Working Paper.

  4. Bau, Natalie, and Jishnu Das. 2020. "Teacher Value Added in a Low-Income Country." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 12 (1): 62-96.

  5. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja. 2013. “Students Today, Teachers Tomorrow: Identifying Constraints on the Provision of Education.Journal of Public Economics, 100: 1-14.

Household Decision-Making, Information & Engagement

  1. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja. 2011 "What Did You Do All Day? Maternal Education and Child Outcomes." The Journal of Human Resources, 47 (4): 873-912.

  2. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja. 2017. "Report Cards: The Impact of Providing School and Child Test Scores on Education Markets." American Economic Review, 107 (6): 1535-63.

  3. Asad, Saher, Asim khwaja, and Tiffany Simon. 2022. “Parental Political Engagement Project“. Ongoing Study.

School Performance, Finance & Organizational Resilience

  1. “Heterogeneity in School Value-Added and the Private Premium” (with T. Andrabi, N. Bau, and J. Das), American Economic Review, Vol. 115, No. 1, January 2025.

  2. Andrabi, Tahir, Natalie Bau, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja. 2022. "Heterogeneity in School Value-Added and the Private Premium". National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper 30627.

  3. Carneiro, Pedro, Jishnu Das, and Hugo Reis. 2022. “The Value of Private Schools: Evidence from Pakistan”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 1-45.

  4. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, Asim I. Khwaja, Selcuk Ozyurt, and Niharika Singh. 2020. "Upping the Ante: The Equilibrium Effects of Unconditional Grants to Private Schools." American Economic Review, 110 (10): 3315-49.

  5. Andrabi, Tahir, Natalie Bau, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja. 2023. “Crowding in Private Quality: The Equilibrium Effects of Public Spending in Education.RISE Working Paper Series. 23/124

  6. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, Asim Khwaja, and Selcuk Ozyurt. 2022. “Helping Schools Survive: Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Financial and Educational Support to Private Schools“. Working Paper.

Instructional Innovation & Technology-Enabled Delivery

  1. TIP KP, ICT Papers

  2. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, and Asim Khwaja. 2022. “Education Support Products and Services Project“. Ongoing study.

Education System Structure, Markets & Longitudinal Data

  1. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, Asim I. Khwaja, Tara Vishwanathan, and Tristan Zajonc. 2007. “Learning and Educational Achievements in Punjab Schools (LEAPS): Insights to Inform the Education Policy Debate.Harvard University.

  2. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, Asim I. Khwaja, and Tristan Zajonc. 2006. “Religious School Enrollment in Pakistan: A Look at the Data.Comparative Education Review, 50 (3): 446-477.

  3. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja. 2008. “A Dime a Day: The Possibilities and Limits of Private Schooling in Pakistan.Comparative Education Review, 52 (3): 329-355.

  4. Andrabi, Tahir and Isabel Macdonald. 2017. “Pakistan Systems Diagnosis“. Harvard University.

  5. Karim, Muhammad, Asim Khwaja, and Landin Smith. 2022. “The Market for Private Tuition in Pakistan“. Ongoing Study.

  6. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja. 2015. “Delivering Education: A Pragmatic Framework for Improving Education in Low-Income Countries.” Handbook Of International Development and Education, edited by Pauline Dixon, Steve Humble, and Chris Counihan: Edward Elgar Publishing: 85-130.

  7. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, and Asim I. Khwaja 2012. "Madrasa Statistics Don’t Support the Myth". Under the Drones, edited by Shahzad Bashir and Robert D. Crews, Cambridge, MA and London, England: Harvard University Press: 162-173.

Learning Outcomes, Skill Trajectories & Life Impacts

  1. Danon, Alice, Jishnu Das, Andreas de Barros, and Deon Filmer. 2023. “Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Skills in Low-Income Countries: Construct and Predictive Validity“. RISE Working Paper Series. 23/126.

  2. Das, Jishnu, Abhijeet Singh, and Andres Yi Chang. 2022. "Test Scores and Educational Opportunities: Panel Evidence from Five Low- and Middle-Income Countries". Journal of Public Economics, 206: 1-9

  3. Bau, Natalie, Jishnu Das, and Andres Yi Chang. 2021. "New Evidence on Learning Trajectories in a Low-Income Setting". International Journal of Education Development, 84: 1-26.

  4. Andrabi, Tahir, Benjamin Daniels, and Jishnu Das. 2021. "Human Capital Accumulation and Disasters: Evidence from the Pakistan Earthquake of 2005." Journal of Human Resources 57 (2), published online before print.

  5. Andrabi, Tahir, Jishnu Das, Asim I. Khwaja, and Tristan Zajonc. 2011 "Do Value-Added Estimates Add Value? Accounting for Learning Dynamics." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3 (3): 29-54.

  6. Danon, Alice, Jishnu Das, Andreas de Barros, and Deon Filmer. 2022. “Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Skills in Low-Income Countries: Construct and Predictive Validity“. RISE Working Paper Series. 23/126.

  7. Danon, A., Das, J., de Barros, A., & Filmer, D. (2024). Cognitive and socioemotional skills in low-income countries: Measurement and associations with schooling and earnings. Journal of Development Economics, 168, 103132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103132

Publications by Others

  1. Michaud-Leclerc, Catherine. “Private School Entry, Sorting, and the Performance of Public Schools: Evidence from Pakistan”. Working Paper.

  2. Tahir, Bisma and Elvis Wu. 2022. “The Relationship Between Teachers’ Time Allocation and Student Scores in Rural, Low-Income Schools in Punjab, Pakistan“. Stanford Digital Repository. Available at https://purl.stanford.edu/ks142rx4921.

  3. Reis, Hugo. 2020. “Girls’ Schooling Choices and Home Production: Evidence from Pakistan”. International Economic Review, 61: 783-819

  4. Karachiwalla, Naureen. 2019. “A Teacher Unlike Me: Social Distance, Learning, and Intergenerational Mobility in Developing Countries”. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 67 (2): 225-271

  5. Qureshi, Javaeria A. 2018. “Additional Returns to Investing in Girls' Education: Impact on Younger Sibling Human Capital”. The Economic Journal, 128: 3285-3319.

  6. Bau, Natalie. 2022. “Estimating an equilibrium model of horizontal competition in education”, Journal of Political Economy. 130 (7).